Technology Used in the Business Environment Research Paper

Innovation Used in the Business Environment - Research Paper Example The innovation that will be accessible to business will increment in the coming years. Inability to exploit innovation gives bit of leeway to the opposition. Kinds of Technology in a Business Environment Table of Contents Section Page Title Page Abstract 1 Table of Contents 2 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Mobile Computers 3 3.0 Scanners, Barcode and RFID Devices 4 4.0 IP Video Systems for Monitoring Operation and Security 5 5.0 Voice over Internet Protocol 6 6.0 Conclusion 7 References 8 List of Figure Number Title Page 1 Mobile PC in real life 4 2 Scanners as utilized for inventories 5 3 IP Video Systems 6 Types of Technology in a Business Environment 1.0. Presentation Technology is urgent for war, harmony, business, and life. This is the motivation behind why man has surrendered the innovation of the bow and bolts to proceed onward to the innovation of the atomic bomb. It is likewise the method of reasoning why man needs to improve his methods for correspondence. Organizations thrive and become serious just when the most trend setting innovation is utilized and life possibly becomes agreeable when the most cutting edge innovation is tapped. Given the current monetary condition of budgetary emergency where expenses must be tightened but operational effectiveness and force must be kept up, innovation is an essential piece of the answer for business endurance. It is subsequently basic to investigate the sorts of innovation that organizations can use to look after seriousness, productivity, and endurance if not benefit. In this work, I investigated four sorts of innovation which I accept organizations should get to in the event that they need to be serious in their industry. My impression is that the innovations that I will examine will empower organizations to cut on work and expert expenses while making work and life simpler for work as they make the last increasingly beneficial. 2.0. Versatile Computers One sort of innovation which I consider has been altogether chan ging the manner in which we lead organizations are the portable PCs. Obviously, we have seen how the PC empowered a component of the work power to be profitable any place the individual might be. The PC empowered the businessperson to bring anyplace their organization’s business information as well as the methods through which information can be examined: bookkeeping, money related, arranging, and the executives program. A genuinely late advancement that can be utilized by organizations is in the region of versatile PCs. As indicated by BearCom (2011a, p. 8), the portable PCs are â€Å"making forms more efficient.† BearCom refered to a few examples of overcoming adversity that profited by versatile registering. Specifically, BearCom refered to the instance of Huntsman Corporation where â€Å"with realâ ­-time remote following of rounds action, the quantity of siphons requiring day by day assessments has been diminished by 50 percent - permitting more opportunity for other critical investigation areas† (2011, p. 8). Further, as per BearCom (2011, p. 8), with versatile processing â€Å"defect disposal work demands are presently started in the field in genuine time.† In Figure 1 beneath, a use of portable registering is indicated where recording, calculation of the bill and charging become some portion of a solitary advance. Figure 1. Portable PC in real life Source: BearCom, 2011, p. 8 It is evident from Figure 1 that with portable registering, a few procedures of business tasks can be diminished into a solitary advance consequently lessening costs, advancing profitability, and upgrading proficiency. Clearly, there will reserve funds. There are clearly

The Trends in Auto Industry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Trends in Auto Industry - Assignment Example The absolute number of vehicles and business vehicles created in Japan in 2006 was 11,484,233. A similar number was 1,508,358 for Russia, 11,263,986 for USA, 5,819,614 for Germany,â 7,188,708 for China and 2,572,292 for Canada (â€Å"OICA >> Production Statistics†).The year 2008 will see an ascent in the interest for eco-accommodating vehicles particularly in the USA which is the main contamination causing the country of the world. The framework for supporting hydrogen vehicle is being created. Vehicle organizations like Toyota and Honda are pointing the crossover markets. Honda has chosen to rent more vehicles to people to get criticism for what's to come. In the year 1916 in Munich, Germany. In 1928 BMW obtained Eisenach vehicle production line and propelled its first motorcar. The principal vehicle was an Austin Seven worked under license(â€Å"Welcome to BMW Company Facts†). BMW is likewise the world’s biggest maker of extravagance vehicles. The brand s claimed by BMW will be BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce. The BMW deals of units in 2006 were 1,179,317 for BMW, 186,674 for MINI and 847 for Rolls-Royce. Its greatest purchasers are European Union with 37% and the United States with a 22.8% offer (â€Å"Welcome to BMW Company Facts†).

College Application Figures

College Application Figures August 3, 2013 A Fox Business article by Emily Driscoll entitled How To Make a College Application Stand Out discusses how students are applying to more colleges than ever before. College application figures on the rise. Shocker! Its not as though weve been writing about this topic for years or anything. Many folks wrongly assume that colleges are getting more and more selective but in fact, more students are just applying to more colleges. And colleges are encouraging even unqualified students to apply in the hopes of boosting their admission rates and thereby improving their US News World Report rankings. Students are applying to more colleges than ever before. This trend is nothing new (photo credit: Jawed Karim). Anyhow, the article in Fox Business states, The most recent data from the National Association for College Admission Counseling shows  that between 2010 and 2011, the percentage of students applying to at least three colleges rose to 79% from 77%, and the percentage of students applying to at least seven colleges rose to 29% from 25%. By comparison, only  67% of students applied to three or more colleges in 2000, while 12% applied to seven or more. Our students at Ivy Coach quite often only apply to one college. Thats right one. Its because many of our students apply Early Decision. We encourage our students to apply Early Decision or Early Action because students have better odds of getting into their dream college(s) if they apply through an Early policy. We dont envision the trend of applying to more and more colleges ending anytime soon. As more colleges have joined the Common Application, the trend has only gotten more severe. But well say it again because people just dont seem to get this just because more students apply to a college and their admission rate gets lower, that doesnt mean that school has become more difficult to gain admission to. Its simple math. The more students that apply, the lower the admission rate will invariably be. In other words, unqualified students applying to a college does not make that school more selective in spite of a dropping admission rate. Statistics can fool you in this way. Mark Twain would definitely back this up.

Water Pollution Of South Africa Essay - 2116 Words

Over the past decades, researchers have witnessed an ongoing water pollution crisis in South Africa. Water pollution has been an issue in many sub-Saharan African countries, including South Africa. There are various reasons why South Africa currently has a water pollution problem. Some of perceived causes of water pollution in this sub-Saharan nation include: Urbanization, Industrialization, and climate change. Researchers and environmental scientists are all aware of the causes and impacts this issue has on the South African population. Many of them have conducted studies which yield to different findings. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the similarities and differences of various studies conducted on the subject of water population in South Africa. The following questions which will be answered in this literature review: †¢ Do urbanization, industrialization, and climate change really cause water pollution in South Africa? †¢ Is water pollution a threat to the clean water accessibility, and human health in South Africa? †¢ What type of solutions have researchers found? The causes, effects and solutions to the water pollution issue in South Africa have been analyzed and discussed by different researchers. Do urbanization, industrialization, and climate change really cause water pollution in South Africa? Sometimes, we wonder whether or not water pollution is truly a result of urbanization. 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Researchers and environmental scientists are all aware of the impacts this issue has on the South African population. Many of them have conducted research yield to different findings. The purpose of this literature review is to analyses the similarities and d ifferences from various research conducted on the subjects of water population inRead MoreThe Gold Mining Industry in South Africa Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesGold mining in South Africa has a large impact on the environment, the economy and social structure in South Africa. The environmental impact of gold mining on the environment includes water, air and noise pollution. The mining industry in South Africa is one of the largest in the world. It provides jobs for hundreds of thousands of people in the mining industry alone. The mining industry also indirectly provides jobs for about 400 000 with the goods and services that the mines require to run successfullyRead MoreSouth Africa: The Vaal Triangle1210 Words   |  5 PagesThe Vaal Triangle The Vaal Triangle is made up of the complex industrial towns: Sasolburg and Vereeniging and Vanderbijlpark. This triangle of industry is situated in the Highveld region of South Africa; it is estimated to be above 1500m above sea level in altitude and inhabits more than one million inhabitants. The Vaal Triangle consists of 6 racial townships which are located near the towns (due to Apartheid) for example: Boipatong, Bophelong, Sebokeng and Sharpeville. Sharpeville The townshipRead MoreEssay on Low Health Expectancy1034 Words   |  5 Pagesperson is expected to live in full health. 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The biosphere has radically increased in pollution since the start ofRead MoreWhat is Hydraulic Fracking?1027 Words   |  4 PagesHydraulic Fracking is a big epidemic in South Africa, Karoo. The Karoo is at risk of contamination of ground water and in possible danger of losing its indigenous ecosystem. The effects of fracking are not only detrimental to the environment but also to the communities around the Karoo. Due to Fracking the air, water and agricultural land are polluted and contaminated and all these factors have a direct impact on the people around the Karoo area and other South African provinces. What is HydraulicRead MoreThe Environmental Issues Of South Africa1726 Words   |  7 PagesFor many years, Africa as a continent has struggled to gain the momentum required to keep up and compete with its neighboring continents. However, things have changed in the last few decades for many African countries in terms of positively making great strides towards achieving better standards of living. Unfortunately, these improvements require incredible amounts of input in order to yield higher output and evidently, much of the input required can be extracted from forests. However, the environmentalRead MoreWater Supply And Sanitation Within South Africa1745 Words   |  7 Pagesand issues related to water supply and sanitation within South Africa, some are more prominent than others. One of these is the continuously increasing amounts of people moving into the city from smaller areas and villages; these larger, more dense populations of people have also increased the water demand. 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Characteristics of a Classical Hero Demonstrated in The...

â€Å"The Labours of Hercules† introduces the most famous Greek hero in mythology, Hercules. He completes twelve immense tasks at an early age for killing his family while under a curse from Hera. The story of his labours contains many reasons why Hercules is classified as a classical hero. Hercules exhibits many of the traits of a classical hero, including numerous guides, hazardous journeys and several hardships and afflictions. Hercules demonstrates one trait of a classical hero by asking for or accepting assistance from other characters throughout the story. Two of his most obvious moments of assistance were when he asks the King of Thebes for his twelve tasks and when he needs help during the search for one of Hera’s treasures. He†¦show more content†¦Hercules demonstrates a second characteristic when he embarks on his twelve incredibly dangerous labours. By completing these tasks, Hercules would be forgiven for the killing of his family while under Hera’s spell. An instance of one of these tasks is when he must destroy Hydra, a creature with many heads, one of which is immortal. He fulfills this task by cutting off most of its heads and then laying its immortal head under a rock for eternity. On another labour Hercules is sent to retrieve Cerberus (the three headed dog of Hades) and bring him to the King then, return it to the post at the entrance to the underworld. These an d many other of Hercules immense tasks therefore display a vital quality of a hero in classical mythology. A third trait of a classical hero is demonstrated when Hercules experiences many afflictions and misfortunes during his journeys. Ever since Hera’s husband Zeus had an affair and gave life to Hercules, she has hated him and is responsible for most of his afflictions. One of these afflictions is when Hera drove Hercules mad and made him kill his wife and family. Another example of his misfortunes is when Hera sent two very dangerous snakes after him when he was only eight months old; luckily Hercules was incredibly strong and defeated the deadly snakes. The tremendous amount of hardships along his quest therefore reflects a third heroic quality in Hercules. Many characteristics of a classical hero are demonstrated by Hercules in

Analyzing The Plan for Downsizing of Calika Company †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Analyzing The Plan for Downsizing of Calika Company. Answer: Introduction: The main aim of the report is to understand the different risks of downsizing as well as possible techniques that has to be properly analyzed as well in order to understand the requirement of the change management in the organization. There are different faults, errors as well as conflict in the management due to the downsizing of the employees in the organization. The purpose of the report is to properly analyze the different ethical challenges that have to be tackled by the managers in the organization. Proper plan has to be implemented as this will help in understanding the requirement of downsizing in the companies. The conclusion is based on the proper implementing plan that has to be properly adopted by the company as this will help in understanding the requirement of downsizing in the companies. The different kind of challenges that has been faced by the company has to be discussed as well. Downsizing techniques (Decision making models, types, styles and approaches) There are different techniques of downsizing that can be applied in the respective organization named Calika Company. The downsizing has adopted different techniques that are innovative in nature f removing the employees from payroll. Hiring Freezes and attrition wherein it occurs when a person dies, quit or retire and they are not replaced from organization. Unless the rate of turnover is high, the attrition will help in removing a smaller number of individuals from the organization. This is one of the most efficient methods that can be applied by employer and this is received with better understanding of employees and employers in the organization (De Meuse Dai, 2013). Early retirement buyouts of the senior employees are other way of downsizing the employees from workplace. In this case, the employers offer extra incentives to the employees while offering them early retirement options. This can help in motivating the employees in the organization and this will be a good alternative for downsizing as well (Goesaert, Heinz Vanormelingen, 2015). A proper decision making level has to be adopted by the respective company as this will help the employers in the organization to make rational decision about downsizing the employees. Proper redesign of the workforce can help in eliminating the unnecessary works as this will help in eliminating the positions that are not required in the respective organization (Suttipun Setyadi, 2017). Benefits of downsizing There are different benefits of downsizing of a company both to employees as well as employers that are as follows: Savings in labor cost is one of the advantages of downsizing in the company as the main motive of laying off the employees in the organization is to help in reducing the labor expenses. There are companies that try to downsize employees at a high end pay scale if it possible. Labor is one of the highest cost companies that incurs in the operations of the business. The cutting jobs are one of the quickest ways to lower the costs significantly as well (Jung Mun, 2017). Sale of assets is other advantage of downsizing of employees in the organization as this will downsize the entire business wherein it will cut the cost of employees but the assets has to be sold as well as this will help in properly downsize the number of employees in the organization. The different equipments, supplies as well as furniture are the other items that can be sold in order to raise the funds for the sizable downsizing (Brauer Laamanen, 2014). Collective focus is the advantage of downsizing as this will benefit both employers and employees in the organization. The supervisors in the company can work towards to motivate the remaining employees in the organization and provide them more career developmental and training opportunities (Jung, 2016). For this particular purpose, the organization can take few resources that have been saved by properly eliminating the costs from the positions that are less valuable in nature and properly investing it on the employees who perform well in the organization (Carriger Carriger, 2017). Ethical Challenges tackled by managers Criteria for termination are one of the ethical challenges that are faced by the respective organization. While downsizing the employees from the organization, it will affect the sales and production of the company and this can have huge effect on the company as well. When the employees are known by the higher officials of the company, the employees who are the favorite of the managers are kept in the payroll and this is one of the main ethical challenges that are faced by the company. The managers need to understand the loyalty of the customers along with the contribution of each employee in the organization as this will help them in judging well and this will have huge positive impact on the company. Options to quit are another ethical challenge that is faced by the managers in the company and this has to be tackled by the employers of the organization itself. There are different employees who do not want to quit and do not want any kind of termination history in their work records. In such cases, the employers of the organization can introduce other ways of termination that may not affect the confidence of the employees and offer them another position in the offices and this will help in improving the confidence as well (Habel Klarmann, 2015). Confidentiality is other ethical issue faced by the managers and this is related to the termination of the employees in the organization. This kind of issue can be tackled by the employer of the organization wherein such termination problems should not be discussed with the other employees and by following such strategy this can help in maintaining proper confidentiality. References Brauer, M., Laamanen, T. (2014). Workforce downsizing and firm performance: An organizational routine perspective.Journal ofManagement Studies,51(8), 1311-1333. Carriger, M., Carriger, M. (2017). Does size matter? The impact of the size of downsizing on financial health and market valuation.Journal of Strategy and Management,10(3), 313-325. De Meuse, K. P., Dai, G. (2013). Organizational downsizing: Its effect on financial performance over time.Journal of Managerial Issues, 324-344. Goesaert, T., Heinz, M., Vanormelingen, S. (2015). Downsizing and firm performance: evidence from German firm data.Industrial and Corporate Change,24(6), 1443-1472. Habel, J., Klarmann, M. (2015). Customer reactions to downsizing: when and how is satisfaction affected?.Journal of the academy of marketing science,43(6), 768-789. Jung, J. (2016). Through the contested terrain: Implementation of downsizing announcements by large US firms, 1984 to 2005.American Sociological Review,81(2), 347-373. Jung, J., Mun, E. (2017). Does Diffusion Make an Institutionally Contested Practice Legitimate? Shareholder Responses to Downsizing in Japan, 19732005.Organization Studies, 0170840616677631. Suttipun, M., Setyadi, D. A. (2017). How Does Triple Bottom Line Reporting Influence Financial Performance?(Evidence from the LQ45 Companies Listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange).ABAC ODI JOURNAL VISION. ACTION. OUTCOME.,4(2), 45.

Totalitarianism Essays - Forms Of Government, Political Philosophy

Totalitarianism According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, the definition of totalitarianism is a form of government that theoretically permits no individual freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of the individual's life to the authority of the government (http://www.britannica.com/). Totalitarian governments are often believed to be a solution to political or economic problems in a country. Despite the brutality and lack of freedom, at its beginning, a totalitarian government often receives overwhelming support for its ideas and goals. History has proven that such governments have had a tremendous negative impact on their people and traditions. Totalitarian governments often emerge from developing countries that are trying to build their economy. They are also considered to be a solution for countries that have recently been through a social, economic or political downfall. At the beginning of their rule, these regimes tend to be very popular and have the support of most people in the country. This popularity is mostly due to the government's promises of an ideal society. A totalitarian administration also requires a charismatic leader and modern developments in transportation and communication to spread its message. In order for a totalitarian state to be built, the leader must have a tremendous will to transform the society into his version of utopia (http://www.uta.edu). A central concept in the totalitarian system is the attainment of a specific goal. This goal is the reason why a totalitarian government exists and is essential to keeping the regime in power (http://www.britannica.com/). In Hitler's case, his goals were the purification of the Aryan race and the expansion of his territory. In a totalitarian state, all of its

Analysis of The New Singles essays

Analysis of The New Singles essays The article that will be evaluated in this particular essay is taken from Newsweeks Society and Arts (dating August 14,2000), which is titled as The New Singles and it is written by Carla Power in cooperation with Antonia Francis, in Paris and Stefan Theil, in Berlin. As it can be understood from the title it is about the people in Europe, who prefer living alone. Throughout the article, different lifestyles and different choices of people, who are living alone, are reflected. While doing that, the reasons and the outcomes of living alone are given with some additional information including, statistics and research results. The article shows that there is a certain shift away from family life to solo lifestyle. Day after day more and more people decide to live alone. Reasons are various. Personal ones are; to have an independent and colorful life, to have an own place in which one can find peace and solitude, to escape from a routine family life, social ones are; the revolution in the field of communications, the shift from a stable business culture to a mobile one, increasing rates of working women... Consequently, these reasons direct people to live alone. According to sociologist Jean-Cloude Kaufmann whose ideas take palace in the article, the home-alone phenomenon is irresistible momentum of individualism. And also, a research made by Richard Scace reveals that in the year of 2010, the number of single person households will be more than the number of families and couples who are living together. This may be as a consequence of broken families, relationships that come to an end, and a search for a self determined life. The outcomes of home-alone phenomenon are also discussed in the article. For instance, people who sought freedom or need solitude are more apt to drink alcohol and as it is mentioned in the article over the past five years, these people became the mainsta...

Phase 1 & 2 Screening Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Phase 1 & 2 Screening - Assignment Example Certain rationale substantiates this incidence within a country, especially regarding product acceptance. In this occasion, product acceptance in a country cannot be realized without far-reaching investment and fresh product development (Cateora & Graham, 2007). Additionally, the firm possesses inadequate resources, which are required in order to compose the investment. Consequently, the legal arrangement makes it be unfeasible for the firm to operate within a certain nation. In view of the firm’s objectives and resources, the investment cannot be successful due to the anticipated competition from other firms. Therefore, any predicament that directs to minimum market capability, proceeds emanating from a venture and objectionable competitive levels, threaten to cause a slump to that particular nation. Hence, the principal reasons for dropping a nation in the first phase hover around environmental shortcomings or drawbacks (Cateora & Graham, 2007). In Phase 2, dropping a nation centers on explicit reasons, concerning cultural environmental adjustments that are essential for the approval of the marketing blend that a certain firm offers. Additionally, it concerns whether the adaptation costs will permit admission into cost-effective markets. In this stage, the marketing mix serves as the focus for analysis of profitability and performance of the firm (Cateora & Graham, 2007). Nevertheless, establishment of action to undertake regarding dropping a nation is reliant on the expected productivity of the market, once the essential adjustments are

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 32

Case Study Example This decision is seen to be inconsiderate of the customer sentiments in the location and the news of a rate increase and setting up of the nuclear plant may lead to negative reactions among the customers. The main external issues in this case include the sentiments of the customers regarding the operations of the company and the subsequent increase in the rates of power supply. The power supply rates of Phoenix Power are already high and the customers are skeptical about a nuclear plant in their vicinity. As such, the skepticism and non-reception of the customers are likely to act as the main external issue. The internal issues related to the advertising process would include the business decision regarding the choice of an advertising agency and personnel required for the short term advertising campaign. The alternatives would include making the customers more aware of why it is important to increase the rates of power supply. The positive aspects for building the nuclear plant can be focused on in the advertising. The nuclear plant once completed would be useful for supplying sufficient power to the whole city and Phoenix Power would not have to source power from the plants in California. This would subsequently reduce the costs for electricity after the setting up of the nuclear plant. This aspect should be focused on in the advertising campaign so that the customers become aware of the benefits of the project and also become supportive of the project. The message for the advertising campaign should be based on highlighting the long term positive benefits that can be realized from the project of Phoenix Power to establish the nuclear power plant in Arizona (Jameson and Campbell 170). Since, the consumers already have a negative attitude towards the increase in the rates; therefore, this issue should be handled in a sensitive manner in the advertising campaign. Phoenix Power

Should juveniles be waivered to adult court Essay

Should juveniles be waivered to adult court - Essay Example d between 1986 and 1992 and recorded various information about waivers including their involvement in criminal court processing, sentencing, and recidivism of youth offenders. Podkopacz and Feld make several errors while attempting to draw a relationship between their localized studies and the role of waivers in court systems throughout the country. The study takes particular effort in ensuring that the population sample drawn from Hennepin’s records is reflective of the waiver trends Minnesota as well the United States. While the study succeeds in showing that its offender population generally reflects trends throughout the United States, the authors do not show that the judges sampled in the study are representative of the judges throughout Minnesota and the United States. If the authors had attempted to craft a more detailed profile of the judges, who made the subjective decision to issue the wavers, and drew a comparison to judges throughout the country, it would follow the judges elsewhere would make similar subjective decisions. The authors take a conservative stance on recidivism by choosing to allow actual adjudications or convictions to stand as indicators of recidivism rather than rearrests. The authors claim that recidivism rates of juveniles indicate that court systems are not achieving their goal. When in fact, consideration of the types of crimes committed by repeat offenders may show that these additional offenses are significantly less in magnitude than the original crimes. Thus, the legal system may be â€Å"working† towards deterring juvenile offenders from additional offenses but not enough. Although the authors make a detailed and strong argument about the role waivers play within Hennepin’s court system, the paper fails to draw a strong gap between the focused group of waivers in Hennepin and waivers throughout Minnesota and the United States. The authors of this study can strengthen their article by providing increased portraits

Mothers :: essays research papers

Mothers make better parents then fathers Ladies and gentlemen the subject under discussion today is that mothers make better parents then fathers. I firmly counter the motion. Honorable judges I would like to point out that my identity is by my father and even this gentlemen sitting here has his last name after his father’s. for that matter nobody here is recognized by their mother;s name. It is our fathers who become a source of distinction for us in this world. It is only after their name is added to ours that we can make a footing in society. This notion even becomes more important in male dominated societies like India, Pakistan and China etc. the father’s name also acts as a shield for girls in particular who are given no respect otherwise in such societies. Furthermore, what does a child need to grow up? , food , clothing, shelter, education and protection. Therefore the parent who is able to provide these bare necessities will be considered as the better parent. In most of the families the father is the one who works and provides a source of income for the family. indeed the mother’s emotional involvment with the child is imperative in his upbringing , but we need to be REALISTIC HERE. For we know that love can not provide a meal twice a day. sharing secrets will by no means provide a substitute for what can be learnt at school. yes care is important but if there is no house to take care off then how will the mother keep her children cosy in the winters. Thus the father once again comes in the picture as the hero. Moreover, I being a boy myself feel that they are certain matters that I cannot handle without my father. For example with issues relating to puberty, we can discuss things openly without any hesitation. also my mother will have no interst in flying kites with me or playing cricket. It is my father whom I can count on for such activities. If I have a fight with someone I know my father with his strong muscular body can come to my rescue. Inaddition to this The command of the father makes a stronger impact on the child as compared to that of the mother. They are mentally stronger unlike mothers who are likely to yield to emotional pressure and this may result in them agreeing to demands of the child that should not be fulfilled under normal circumstances.

Microeconomic Impact of AIDS in Africa

The world has been greatly affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic indiscriminately although some parts have proved to be more vulnerable than others. It has ravaged the people since the 1980’s when it was first discovered. Despite this, it has been established that more than two thirds o those who are infected by the scourge are found in Africa and especially in the sub-Sahara part of Africa. This is in spite of the fact that this area consists of only 10% of the population in the world. This then means that a very big percentage of those in Africa are suffering from HIV/AIDS. It is sad to realize that the majority of those who are infected and affected by the disease are those in the working age bracket. This then affects all aspects of life including social, cultural, and economic. In all these aspects, there has been a change towards the negative. Those who are not infected are affected by having someone close to them suffering from the disease. In almost every household, there is someone suffering from it. It affects the economy by reducing the laborer force and at the same time increasing costs. This affects the industries, households and enterprises. It also affects the government because of reduced taxes yet the expenditure has been increased on those who are in need of health care. In these countries, there was already an economic problem before the advent of the disease and this has been escalated by the impact of the disease. It leads to the inability of these economies to advance since most of the resources are channeled towards efforts of curbing the disease (Chaminuka P., Anim F., Debustus L. K. & Nqangweni S. 2-8). The mainstay of most of the African countries is agriculture. The majority of people practice small-scale agriculture and it is among the most affected sectors in the continent. This is because resources are withdrawn from farming and directed to the healthcare of the ailing individuals. This occurs in various ways as will be explained in this paper. First, the labor resource is reduced greatly because those who are working in the farms are the same ones who get sick. This then leads to lack of labor for the farms and hence the productivity of these farms is greatly reduced. Furthermore, the money that can be used to hire laborers is already being used in the healthcare of the sick person (http://www.avert.org). Secondly, the monetary capital required in the advancement of farming is already being used by the family in the purchasing of drugs and general health care of the sick person. This then means that the implements necessary for the improvement and increase of productivity are not purchased. It is also affected by the loss of income earners either through death or to the ravages of the disease. If the person who is required to infuse monetary capital to the farming business loses his or her job due to the disease, then it means that the household is by-passed by much technological advancement related to the agricultural field. When unable to purchase these technologies, productivity is low and hence the amount of income that can be earned from the farming is greatly reduced. Lastly, in order to deal with the situation brought about by the disease, children end up becoming the laborers in the farms. They do this because their parents may both be suffering from the disease, as is the case most of the times, and therefore unable to work in the fields. Since the children cannot be able to work as efficiently and effectively as the adults can, they end up producing for subsistence use only. This means that food insecurity is on the rise because not enough is being produced to support the countries demand for food. This ends up leading to a very acute shortage of food and the countries end up depending on food aid from other countries. Since agriculture as pointed out earlier is the mainstay of most economies, it means therefore means that even the economy is greatly affected (Chaminuka P., Anim F., Debustus L. K. & Nqangweni S. 2-8). In Africa, there is a high rate of illiteracy and this affects their ability to compete for work on both the local and the international level. This has always been so since the independence era of most countries such that most of the policies put in place were aimed at reducing the level of illiteracy that was there. Since most of these policies failed it means that the problem was still prevalent even before the onset of the disease. This problem was made even worse, by the presence of HIV/AIDS through the impact it has on the education sector. When the disease hits a family, there is need to use all the resources available in taking care of the patient and also in the funeral expenses, in case the person dies. The reduction in money for use in the house leads to a reduction in the previously experienced expenses. The most reduced expenses are spending on some of the basic needs that are deemed disposable. These basic needs usually include clothing and education. The money to cater for the school uniform and for school fees is used in health care of the patient and hence leads to low education and in the long run an increase in the rate of illiteracy (http://www.avert.org). Education is also affected when both parents die of the disease and this is very common. It then means that some or all of the children end up dropping out of school so as to take care of themselves and also the young ones. If the parents are still alive but suffering from the disease, the children, especially the female children, drop out of school so as to take care of the parents. The lack of education means that the majority of youngsters are only able to get menial manual jobs. They are unable to get technical jobs that need skills because they have not learned them in school. It ends up making the country look for expatriates to do the jobs that could have been done by local people if they had the skills. This impacts on the economy negatively because the expatriates demand for more money than what would have been paid to the locals if they were the ones employed in the same capacity. This ends up straining the resources available because the amount used in salaries for the expatriates reduces the profits that could have been made. In other words, the profits are not maximized. The low levels of education also lead to a lot of unemployment because the manual jobs can be done through the technologies introduced. The manual employees end up replaced by the machines increasing unemployment level. The high rate of unemployment leads to lack of consumption of goods and services because the people do not have money to spend (http://www.avert.org). The decrease in labor also affects the foreign direct investment. This is because the demand for labor becomes higher than the supply. This leads to an increase in wages and the necessity for the use of expatriates. The foreign direct investment is important in the improvement of the economy but the foreign investors can only be attracted if there is a chance of making profits. For the profits to be made, the resources required must be available at the minimum costs possible. Once labor, which is one of the resources, becomes too expensive to enable the company maximize its profits, the investors tend to shy away from the country. This means that the one of the various avenues through which the country can be able to improve its economy has been affected. The various companies that have been put up also make a lot of losses leading either to closure due to reduced profits or the company may not close down but the profits being made are affected. This is because of the increased costs caused by the diversion of the productive resources towards health care, funeral benefits and also the pension fund. This is brought about by the early retirement caused by the incapacitation of the ailing workers due to poor health. The skills are also reduced as an increased number of skilled workers succumb to the disease. This affects the company especially since resources have been used to train the workers and they may not have recovered the cost by the time the person retires or dies. Businesses are also affected in that there is low productivity by workers. This is because the disease brings about an increase in the rate or absenteeism. Once the workers are constantly absent due to the necessity to seek medical care, it then means that the work is not done well and this affects the amount of profit that the businesses make. Furthermore, with the effect that the disease has on individual households, it leads to a reduction in the demand for the goods and services that are provided. This leads to an increase in dead stock which in turn may lead to the closure of some businesses. The lack of good profits by businesses and companies affects the economy as a whole in that it affects the taxes that the government gets from the business sector. This leads to reduced revenue thus affecting the services that the government is able to provide to the citizens. This is combined with the increase in health care spending by the government. The government ends up having to borrow from both foreign and local lenders so as to be able to meet the targets of the budget that they have fixed in any given financial year. The result of the heavy borrowing is an increase in the rate of inflation. This affects each household because the money they have now purchases less than it would have before (http://www.avert.org). In the provision of health care, it has become very expensive for the individual households. This is caused by the fact that there is massive drainage of health care workers in most of these countries. There are too many people who are infected with the disease causing an increase in the workload of the healthcare workers. When this is combined with the low wages that they get, it leads to their immigrating to other areas where they can get more money for the services that they give. In order to maintain those who have been left in the service, there is need to increase their wages and this cost is pushed on to those who are seeking health care making it next to impossible for them to acquire it especially the HIV/AIDS patients. There is also a problem of having a large number of infected health care workers, this is because a major cause o death in the industry thus depleting the number of workers further. This combined with the other two factors are a cause of increase in the cost of attainment of healthcare. This affects households by reducing the amount of income that can be used for consumption thus affecting the economy. The hospital resources are also under strain because the disease is chronic yet the numbers of HIV/AIDS patients that are using the hospital’s resource are more than those who are suffering from other diseases. The death of income earners in the various households means that the children who are orphaned become dependants on other income earners. This is if they do not become the heads in their houses. The increase in dependants on the income earners leads to less income used for consumption. There are now more people who depend on the same income thus reducing the real income of the household. There is also the reduction of customers that a business can get because the same amount of money that was initially used by one household is now being used by two households. Also, the increase in amount of dependants on the few income earners who are now available leads to depletion of savings. Since the income earned cannot be enough to sustain the increased number of dependants, the income earner is forced to use up the saving that they had kept aside. Since savings and investments go hand-in-hand, it means that the rate of investment is also affected. There is less investment by households and also the various businesses because decreased savings causes an increase in the interest rate of borrowing. The decreased rate of investment affects employment. The income earners usually have to quit working because they have to take care of the ill. This especially affects the female income earners because they have to take care of the family. The female workers and students may end up becoming commercial sex workers which is a job description that is not taxed by the government. In other words, it means that the number of taxpayers has reduced yet the number of workers has increased. By becoming commercial sex workers, they increase their chances of contracting the disease and dying thus continuing the vicious cycle of poverty. The increase in the work load of caregivers affects their output in their various workplaces. The women who work in industries are unable to produce at optimum level because of increased absenteeism at work. This reduces the amount of income that they get since their working hours are greatly reduced. They may also be fired because they end up becoming a liability to the company because the cost of maintaining them as workers becomes too high for the company. This leads to a decrease in the amount of money that can be spent by the household on consuming. Furthermore with reduced income, there is reduced saving since all the money earned goes directly to consumption. The assets that people own end up being sold in order to acquire treatment for the sick. Even after death of the sufferers, there are still funeral expenses and hence further sale of the assets. The households are then left very poor with nothing to fall back on especially once the income earners in the household succumb to the disease. Since the savings have already been used up, there is no way that the households can recover their previous economic status and this increases the rate of poverty. In other words, there is an increase in the amount of poor people in the continent (http://www.avert.org). The households which have been affected by the disease end up depending on other households. They become a burden to them and cause an increase in the debts that these people have. These debts are even made worse by the fact that there are high chances of the income earners losing their employment. To avoid this, the older children end up becoming laborers to support their families. Â  This has changed the composition of workers to having more children than adults in the labor force. Since the children are unable to be as productive as the adults they are paid poorly. This pushes them further into poverty. Work cited AVERT. The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Africa. Retrieved on 29th November 2007 from http://www.avert.org/aidsimpact.htm Chaminuka P., Anim F., Debustus L. K. & Nqangweni S. impact of HIV&AIDS on Agriculture and Food Security. The Case of Limpopo Province in South Africa 2006 FANRPAN pg 2-8 Â  

The Political Positions Of The Democratic And Republican...

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